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China has one of the world's oldest civilizations and has the oldest continuous civilization.[1] It has archaeological evidence dating back over 5,000 years.[2] It also has one of the world's oldest written language systems, and is viewed as the source of many major inventions.[2] Historically, China's cultural sphere has extended across East Asia as a whole, with Chinese religion, customs, and writing systems being adopted to varying degrees by neighbors such as Japan, Korea and Vietnam. The first evidence of human presence in the region was found at the Zhoukoudian cave and is one of the first known specimens of Homo erectus, now commonly known as the Peking Man, estimated to have lived from 300,000 to 550,000 years ago.

The first recorded use of the word "China" is dated 1555.[nb 1][3] It is derived from Cin, a Persian name for China popularized in Europe by Marco Polo.[3][4] In early usage, "china" as a term for porcelain was spelled differently than the name of the country, the two words being derived from separate Persian words.[5] Both these words are derived from the Sanskrit word for China, C?na (???).[5] This word was first recorded in the 5th century BC in Mah?bh?rata,[6][7] where it refers to a "yellow-colored" barbarian tribe from the north. This tribe is conventionally identified with Qin (秦) (778 BCE ? 207 BCE),[6][8] the westernmost of the Chinese kingdoms at this time, but may refer to an unknown group then inhabiting Tibet. In Latin, China was historically referred to as Sinia (hence "Sino-"), Sinae, Cathay, or Seres.

出典:フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』




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